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Other FAQ

The information that is given regarding these questions are for an education basis only. You should consult your veterinarian before any action is taken. We appreciate your continued support for this program.

Continuing Education

Q: Where can I find a list of upcoming CE offered through the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences?

A: There are currently no on-line CE courses available, but you can go to https://www.cvm.tamu.edu/vtce or call 979-845-2489 and find the current list of CE available.


Disease

Q: Where can I find a list of the bacteria in the blackleg group that are associated with susceptible species of livestock?

A: There are several different strains of blackleg that can affect livestock. The occurrence of blackleg and other bacteria in the blackleg group in the soils of livestock pastures in Texas are common. For this reason, the risk of exposure to livestock is high and annual vaccinations are suggested to provide protection to livestock. The intestines of the livestock harbor the bacterium which is then passed from the animal in the manure. The bacteria then forms spores in the soil which allows it to exist in the environment for many years. Below is a list of the bacteria in the blackleg group with associated susceptible species of livestock:

  • Blackleg-cattle
  • Blackneck-cattle
  • Blackliver-cattle
  • Blackgut-cattle, sheep, goat
  • Redwater-cattle
  • Malignant Edema-cattle
  • Tetanus-cattle, sheep, goats, horses

Q: I have a closed deer population and within a week all of them died. Who can I contact that can help me determine why?

A: You can contact Dr. James Jensen here at TAMU College of Veterinary Medicine at 979-845-3541. You can also try Dr. Ables in Decatur at 940-627-2133 or Dr. Walla in Navasota at 936-870-4033.


Drugs

Q: Is there a phone number we can call that gives information on prescription drugs, withdrawal times and the like?

A: The phone number, email and website for FARAD and the website for FDACVM are listed below. The withdrawal times (WT) for extra-label use and on-label use of drugs can be obtained by calling FARAD. The WTs for on-label use can be obtained by online search of FDACVM and FARAD websites which have all approved drugs in their web-databases (for food animals in FARAD, for all animals in FDACVM). On-line publication is updated and is better to use than print publication. Of course, the WTs are also published on the labels of all food animal drugs (Rx-Prescription and OTC), except ones grandfathered such as aspirin and dexamethasone (FARAD has WTs for them when used in show animals that are subjected to urine testing). Let me know this is what you need or you need more information.

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD)

FARAD expert-mediated assistance Call 1-888-USFARAD OR E-mail farad@ncsu.edu

http://www.farad.org/ FARAD is a computer-based decision support system designed to provide livestock producers, extension specialists, and veterinarians with practical information on how to avoid drug, pesticide and environmental contaminant residue problems.

FDA-CENTER FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE (FDACVM)

http://dil.vetmed.vt.edu/ Approved Animal Drug Products Search database fields using the indexed text fields.

Q: Can I give herbal medicines to show animals that are not regulated nor banned by the FDA?

A: There is a fine line drawn here. There is a article entitled, “Drug Residue Avoidance Program Guidelines for Junior Livestock Shows” that lists 5 statements that will help clarify this question.

· Exhibitor and parent/guardian certify that the entry has not been administered or that the exhibitor and parent/guardian do not have any knowledge that this entry has received any substance not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for food animals to be exhibited.

· Any substance administered to an animal with the intent to prevent or treat conditions or to make changes in body functions is classified by FDA and/or USDA as a drug of chemical.

· The showing of any animal that has been administered during its life any quantity of any unapproved drug or chemical is strictly prohibited. Unapproved means not approved by the FDA and/or USDA for animals including animals that may be destined for human consumption.

· The use of animal drugs or other substances not in accord with the label approved by FDA and/or USDA is in violation of Federal law, except the approved extra-label use by or in the order of a licensed veterinarian.

· Tranquilizers and sedatives for food animals are not approved by FDA.

Q: Where can I go to find on-line access to drug withdrawal times?

A: You can go to http://www.farad.org/ and click on VetGram (it is in the box towards the bottom of the page). Once there click on the little square with a cow in it al the top of the page. From there, there are several options to find drugs.



Q: What is the proper method for administering vaccines to animals?

A: This is a very important question to ask that most people just take for granted. Below is a list of instructions to follow:

·Read the label on vials and package inserts if available.

·Follow the dose on the vaccine label.

·Follow the route on the vaccine label: The route might be IM only; SubQ only;or either IM or SubQ. If either IM or SubQ, use SubQ. Because of the added adjuvants, the vaccines may cause knots at injection sites, therefore the SubQ route places the injection site lesions under the skin and not in the muscle.

·Administer the vaccine by either IM or SubQ route on the side of the neck, immediately in front of the shoulder.

·Use needle sizes of 18 G x 1 ˝ for calves and 16 G x 1 ˝ for cows/bulls.

Q: What is an effective product for fleas in sand/loam type soil?

A: To control fleas we emphasize on-pet treatment rather than environmental treatments. There are some excellent animal treatments for pets today including Precor, Frontline, Advantix, Capstar and many others. Treating flea infested soil is supplementary to treating the pet itself. Ironically, we have fewer really good outdoor treatment products than we did a few years ago. Permethrin or one of the other similar residual insecticides (see http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/Ent-1046.html) which provides relatively good control, but should be used with on-animal treatments. We have a flea control publication at http://tcebookstore.org/pubinfo.cfm?pubid=1026 .


Fish

Q: What is aquaculture?

A: Aquaculture by definition is a form of agriculture that involves the controlled propagation and cultivation of aquatic plants and animals as well as the processing and marketing of these aquatic products. This industry us a rapidly growing with the major fish crops raised in the United States as catfish, trout, salmon, carp, shrimp, striped bass and tilapia.

Q: I think I have a fish disease outbreak. What causes this?

A: The stress associated with suboptimal environmental conditions and or handling and transport plays a major role in the development of disease in many aquatic systems. Bacterial disease is most common among diseases in aquatic practices followed by fungal and parasitic diseases.


Management

Q: What is a nurse tank?

A: It is a portable tank that is used to haul water, anhydrous, herbicides, pesticides, etc. It is a bulk tank from which you can fill tanks mounted on tractors, etc.

Q: Do you happen to have fact sheets, mail-outs, manuals, meetings or some other data base that I could go through and search for ideas for pet care articles?

A: Your best possible chance of finding something along this line is to contact our coordinator for continuing education and public relations, Angela Clendenon at aclendenon@cvm.tamu.edu and 979-845-9102. She has been publishing pet articles in various public print news media.

Q: Are there any Extension publications address the use of chicken manure applied to pastures?

A: I am not sure if there are any publications regarding this subject. Dr. Larry Redmon (l-redmon@tamu.edu) is our Extension Forage Specialist and he would be in individual to contact regarding this question.

Q: Can Mane and Tail shampoo (the stuff used on horses) be beneficial to human hair as well?

A: This is a common question that doesn’t get much attention. All mane and tail body hair coat shampoos and conditioners as well as hoof conditioners that are marketed for horses are unapproved by FDA. Scientific research under FDA standards and criteria to determine efficacy and safety has not been conducted, published and submitted to FDA for approval. The production and sale of these products are without inspection and quality control of the ingredients claimed by the label. Human use of these products has high risks of unsafe side effects and is not recommended by the medical profession. For effective results for improved hair, skin and hoof (nail) conditions only occur by dietary management of well-balanced diets with protein, carbohydrates, oils, vitamins and minerals.

Q: What is the proper method for administering vaccines to animals?

A: This is a very important question to ask that most people just take for granted. Below is a list of instructions to follow:

· Read the label on vials and package inserts if available.

· Follow the dose on the vaccine label.

· Follow the route on the vaccine label: The route might be IM only; SubQ only;or either IM or SubQ. If either IM or SubQ, use SubQ. Because of the added adjuvants, the vaccines may cause knots at injection sites, therefore the SubQ route places the injection site lesions under the skin and not in the muscle.

· Administer the vaccine by either IM or SubQ route on the side of the neck, immediately in front of the shoulder.

· Use needle sizes of 18 G x 1 ˝ for calves and 16 G x 1 ˝ for cows/bulls.



Q: What is an effective product for fleas in san/loam type soil?

A: To control fleas we emphasize on-pet treatment rather than environmental treatments. There are some excellent animal treatments for pets today including Precor, Frontline, Advantix, Capstar and many others. Treating flea infested soil is supplementary to treating the pet itself. Ironically, we have fewer really good outdoor treatment products than we did a few years ago. Permethrin or one of the other similar residual insecticides (see http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/Ent-1046.html) which provides relatively good control, but should be used with on-animal treatments. We have a flea control publication at http://tcebookstore.org/pubinfo.cfm?pubid=1026 .

Q: Are there any publications on emus?

A: Yes. We have an extension publication that has some very useful information.


Pests

Q: I have a flea infestation problem. What do I need to do? 

A: There are several options that are available to you. There are two factsheets that are available titled “Controlling Fleas” and “Flea Control”. These have some valuable information in them. You could also contact a local professional pest control service if you have not yet done so. They can treat the problem and reduce the health hazard risks to animals and to you.

Q: Where can I take alfalfa cubes to be analyzed or tested for the presence of the toxins released from blister beetles? 

A: The toxin emitted from blister beetles is referred to as cantharidin. The Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab here at Texas A&M can run those tests for you. The cost of the assay is $30 per sample. If you would like to submit samples you can contact your local veterinarian for the submission forms or call TVMDL to determine the best method to submit samples at 979-845-3414.

Q: What is an effective product for fleas in san/loam type soil?

A: To control fleas we emphasize on-pet treatment rather than environmental treatments. There are some excellent animal treatments for pets today including Precor, Frontline, Advantix, Capstar and many others. Treating flea infested soil is supplementary to treating the pet itself. Ironically, we have fewer really good outdoor treatment products than we did a few years ago. Permethrin or one of the other similar residual insecticides (see http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/Ent-1046.html) which provides relatively good control, but should be used with on-animal treatments. We have a flea control publication at http://tcebookstore.org/pubinfo.cfm?pubid=1026 .


Vaccines

Q: What is the proper method for administering vaccines to animals?

A: This is a very important question to ask that most people just take for granted. Below is a list of instructions to follow:

·        Read the label on vials and package inserts if available.

·        Follow the dose on the vaccine label.

·        Follow the route on the vaccine label: The route might be IM only; SubQ only;or either IM or SubQ. If either IM or SubQ, use SubQ. Because of the added adjuvants, the vaccines may cause knots at injection sites, therefore the SubQ route places the injection site lesions under the skin and not in the muscle.

·        Administer the vaccine by either IM or SubQ route on the side of the neck, immediately in front of the shoulder.

·        Use needle sizes of 18 G x 1 ˝ for calves and 16 G x 1 ˝ for cows/bulls.

Q: Is there a vaccine for Bluetongue in deer? 

A: There is no approved drug for bluetongue in deer. The only vaccine that is available is for sheep and goats. If you want to vaccinate the deer you need to contact your veterinarian and visit with them about this. The veterinarian can then assess the situation and if need be they can extra-label the vaccine for use in deer. The veterinarian is the only individual that can do this, otherwise it is considered to be an illegal use of the drug and is a federal violation.

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11/23/2009 8:26p